Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Synoviolin Is Involved in Liver Fibrogenesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013590

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed at 0, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after CCl 4 administration in the acute hepatic injury model mice. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 mice per group). Unpaired Student's t -test was used for statistical analysis. *** P <0.001, ** P <0.01. (B) Time-course expression of KLF6, synoviolin, Acta2 (α-SMA), and COL1A1 (collagen I) mRNA in livers inoculated with CCl 4 (black bar) or vehicle (white bar) quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 mice per group). The mRNA level was normalized relative to the amount of the transcript of 18S rRNA, a housekeeping gene. Unpaired Student's t -test was used for statistical analysis. *** P <0.001, ** P <0.01, * P <0.05. (C) Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections of wt mice at 48 h after treatment with CCl 4 (n = 4) or vehicle (n = 5). The expression and localization of synoviolin (arrows, right panel) were analyzed using anti-synoviolin antibodies. Normal IgG antibody was used for the negative control (left panels). Scale bar = 100 µm. (D) Double-labeled fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections of wt mice at 48 h after treatment with CCl 4 (n = 4). The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Vectashield). The expression and localization of synoviolin (green) and α-SMA (red)—a marker of activated HSCs, were analyzed using anti-synoviolin and α-SMA antibodies. Scale bar = 200 µm. (E) Double-labeled fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections of human healthy liver (n = 30) and cirrhotic liver (n = 40) using human tissue array sections. The expression and localization of synoviolin (green label) α-SMA (red label) were analyzed using anti-synoviolin and α-SMA antibodies. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Article Snippet: Pathologically confirmed human liver tissue arrays were obtained from U.S. Biomax (Rockville, MD).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunohistochemical staining, Negative Control, Labeling, Marker

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Combination Treatment with the Vimentin-Targeting Antibody hzVSF and Tenofovir Suppresses Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection in Woodchucks

doi: 10.3390/cells10092321

Figure Lengend Snippet: The presence of vi-VIM is significantly increased in HBV-infected liver. ( a ) A human liver tissue array was stained with mVSF by IHC and the staining intensity and distribution of antibody-bound vi-VIM were scored on a 0–5 scale. ( b ) Comparison of the average scores between HBV-uninfected and -infected liver tissues. ( c ) Comparison of percentages of HBV-uninfected and -infected liver tissues with a score of ≥3.

Article Snippet: A human liver tissue array was purchased from US Biomax (Derwood, MD, USA; cat. no. LV1601) and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence staining.

Techniques: Infection, Staining

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Combination Treatment with the Vimentin-Targeting Antibody hzVSF and Tenofovir Suppresses Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection in Woodchucks

doi: 10.3390/cells10092321

Figure Lengend Snippet: The presence of vi-VIM is strongly increased in HBV-infected liver. A human liver tissue array was used for detecting changes in the presence of intracellular VIM (red color) and vi-VIM (green color) by immunofluorescence staining with D21H3 or mVSF antibodies, respectively. Merging of both stains (yellow color) indicated a perinuclear colocalization of intracellular VIM and vi-VIM in many hepatocytes. Hoechst 33,342 staining was used to detect cell nuclei (blue color). Representative pictures of two HBV-infected and two HBV-uninfected livers are shown. Abbreviation: NAT, nonalcoholic liver tumor.

Article Snippet: A human liver tissue array was purchased from US Biomax (Derwood, MD, USA; cat. no. LV1601) and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence staining.

Techniques: Infection, Immunofluorescence, Staining